Microbiota modulation refers to the deliberate alteration of the composition and function of the microbial communities present in the human body, particularly in the gut. This can be achieved through various interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary changes, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The goal of microbiota modulation is to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppress the growth of harmful bacteria, leading to improved overall health and reduced risk of various diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders. This field of research is rapidly expanding as scientists continue to uncover the complex interactions between the microbiota and human health.